Introduction
Population ageing refers to the increasing proportion of elderly population (60 years and above) in the total population. It is mainly caused by declining fertility rates, improved life expectancy, and better healthcare facilities. In India, population ageing is emerging as an important demographic challenge with wide-ranging social and economic implications.
Body
The first dimension is the demographic dimension. India is witnessing a steady rise in its elderly population due to declining birth rates and increased longevity. This leads to a higher old-age dependency ratio, putting pressure on the working-age population.
The second is the economic dimension. A growing elderly population increases demand for pensions, social security, and healthcare expenditure. Inadequate coverage of formal social security systems makes many elderly people economically vulnerable, especially in the unorganised sector.
The social dimension includes changing family structures and weakening of the joint family system, leading to issues of elderly neglect, loneliness, and social insecurity. Urbanisation and migration further intensify this problem.
The health dimension is significant, as ageing increases the burden of non-communicable diseases, disability, and need for geriatric care. India’s healthcare system remains inadequately prepared for this transition.
Conclusion
In conclusion, population ageing in India is a multidimensional challenge affecting demography, economy, society, and health. Strengthening social security, expanding geriatric healthcare, and promoting active ageing policies are essential to manage its long-term impact.
